Blog & Notes

Deep technical writing on AI engineering, NLP systems, retrieval, evaluation, and model design decisions that matter in production.

Designing Hybrid Retrieval Pipelines That Survive Real Queries

Why dense retrieval alone is not enough, how BM25 and vector search fail differently, and what fusion plus reranking changes in production RAG systems.

RAG Retrieval NLP

Evaluating Fine-Tuned BERT Beyond Accuracy: Latency, Calibration, and Failure Modes

A practical framework for comparing classical NLP baselines with Transformer classifiers using macro F1, inference cost, confidence behavior, and error analysis.

BERT Evaluation ML Systems

From Tokens to Trees: What Makes Sequence Generation Hard in OCR-to-LaTeX Models

Why image-to-markup generation is more than OCR, and how decoder design, beam search, and structure-sensitive metrics determine model quality.

OCR Transformers Sequence Modeling

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